Understanding Diverter Valves
Diverter valves play a crucial role in plumbing systems by redirecting water flow between different outlets, such as showers, faucets, and sinks. They consist of a valve body, a handle, and an internal mechanism that controls the flow of water. Diverter valves come in various types, designed for specific applications:
Tub/Shower Diverter Valves: These valves are typically installed in bathrooms and allow users to switch between the bathtub faucet and the showerhead.
Sink Diverter Valves: Found in kitchen sinks, sink diverter valves enable users to switch between the main faucet and a secondary faucet, such as a sprayer or water filter.
Multiple-Outlet Diverter Valves: These valves are used in systems with multiple water outlets, such as in public restrooms or spas. They allow users to select and control the flow of water to different fixtures.
Identifying Your Plumbing System
Understanding your plumbing system is crucial before installing a diverter valve. Here are a few details to help you identify your system:
Materials Used:
Pipe materials differ depending on the age and style of your home. Copper is common in older homes, while PEX (cross-linked polyethylene) and CPVC (chlorinated polyvinyl chloride) are popular in newer constructions. Determine the type of piping you have, as it will impact the type of diverter valve and fittings you need.
Water Supply Lines:
Identify the main water supply lines entering your home. These typically come from the city or well and split into separate lines for different fixtures. Locate the line that supplies water to the shower where you plan to install the diverter valve.
Drain Lines:
The drain lines are essential for removing wastewater. These lines are usually made of PVC or ABS plastic and can be identified by their larger diameter and downward slope. Ensure that the drain line for the shower is accessible and has sufficient slope for proper drainage.
Pressure and Volume:
The water pressure and volume in your system can affect the performance of the diverter valve. Measure the water pressure at a nearby faucet using a pressure gauge. Also, check the flow rate by timing how long it takes to fill a one-gallon container. High pressure or low volume may require adjustments to the diverter valve or the plumbing system.
Choosing the Right Diverter Valve
Selecting the appropriate diverter valve for your specific application requires careful consideration of several key factors:
Valve Type:
Diverter valves come in two primary types:
– Manual diverter valves: Controlled by a handle or lever that physically diverts fluid flow. They are cost-effective but require manual operation.
– Automatic diverter valves: Operate automatically, based on preset conditions like pressure, flow rate, or temperature. They provide accurate and precise flow control but are more expensive.
Flow Configuration:
The flow configuration determines the number and arrangement of the valve ports. Common configurations include:
| Configuration | Description |
|---|---|
| 2-way diverter valve | Diverts flow between two ports |
| 3-way diverter valve | Diverts flow among three ports, allowing mixing or separation of fluids |
| 4-way diverter valve | Diverts flow among four ports, providing multiple flow paths |
Materials:
The material used for the diverter valve should be compatible with the fluids being handled and the operating environment. Common materials include:
- Brass
- Stainless steel
- Plastic (e.g., PVC, CPVC)
- Bronze
Pressure and Temperature:
Ensure that the diverter valve is rated for the maximum pressure and temperature of the system. Exceeding these limits can compromise valve performance and safety.
Mounting:
Diverter valves can be mounted in various ways, such as:
- Directly to a pipe
- On a mounting bracket
- In a panel
Gathering Necessary Tools and Materials
Before embarking on the task of fitting a diverter valve, it is crucial to gather the necessary tools and materials. This preparatory step ensures a smooth and efficient installation process.
Tools:
| Adjustable wrench |
| Allen wrench |
| Flathead screwdriver |
| Pipe wrench |
| Teasing needle or scribe |
Materials:
In addition to the tools listed above, you will require the following materials:
- Diverter valve
- Teflon tape
- Plumber’s putty
- Hairdryer (optional)
By assembling all the necessary equipment and supplies before starting, you will minimize interruptions and ensure the successful completion of the task.
Preparing the Work Area
Prior to commencing the installation process, it is essential to ensure the work area is properly prepared to facilitate a smooth and efficient installation. Below are the necessary steps involved in preparing the work area:
1. Gather Necessary Tools and Materials
Gather all the necessary tools and materials required for the installation, including a screwdriver, adjustable wrench, thread sealant, and replacement diverter valve.
2. Clear the Work Area
Clear the area around the shower or tub where the diverter valve will be installed to ensure ample space for working.
3. Shut Off Water Supply
Locate the main water supply valve and shut it off completely to prevent water flow during the installation.
4. Open Faucets
Open all faucets in the house to release any residual water pressure in the plumbing system.
5. Locate and Isolate the Diverter Valve
The diverter valve is typically located behind the shower or tub faucet handle. Identify the valve by its two inputs (one from the main water supply, one from the showerhead or bathtub spout) and one output (to the showerhead or bathtub spout). Disconnect the input and output lines from the existing diverter valve to isolate it from the plumbing system.
| Input/Output Line | Connection Method |
|---|---|
| Main Water Supply | Threaded |
| Showerhead or Tub Spout | Threaded or Slip-On |
Removing the Old Diverter Valve
6. **Detach the internal mechanism:**
Once the cartridge is removed, you’ll need to detach the internal mechanism that controls the flow of water through the diverter valve. This mechanism consists of a stem, a spring, and a washer.
| Number | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | Locate the retaining nut holding the cartridge in place. |
| 2 | Use an adjustable wrench to loosen the nut. |
| 3 | Pull the cartridge straight out of the valve body. |
| 4 | Inspect the cartridge for any damage or wear. |
| 5 | If the cartridge is damaged, it will need to be replaced. |
Installing the New Diverter Valve
Now that you have removed the old diverter valve, it’s time to install the new one. The steps for installing a new diverter valve are as follows:
1. Apply Plumber’s Putty
Apply a ring of plumber’s putty around the base of the new diverter valve.
2. Align the Valve
Align the new diverter valve with the threads on the shower arm.
3. Hand-Tighten the Valve
Hand-tighten the diverter valve onto the shower arm as far as possible.
4. Use a Wrench to Tighten
Use a wrench to further tighten the diverter valve. Be careful not to overtighten the valve.
5. Apply Teflon Tape
Apply a few wraps of Teflon tape to the threads of the showerhead.
6. Install the Showerhead
Screw the showerhead onto the diverter valve.
7. Test the Diverter Valve
Turn on the water and test the diverter valve. Make sure that the water flows from the showerhead when the valve is in the shower position and from the tub spout when the valve is in the tub position. If the water is not flowing properly, adjust the position of the diverter valve or tighten the connections.
| Step | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | Apply plumber’s putty around the base of the new diverter valve. |
| 2 | Align the new diverter valve with the threads on the shower arm. |
| 3 | Hand-tighten the diverter valve onto the shower arm as far as possible. |
| 4 | Use a wrench to further tighten the diverter valve. Be careful not to overtighten the valve. |
| 5 | Apply a few wraps of Teflon tape to the threads of the showerhead. |
| 6 | Screw the showerhead onto the diverter valve. |
| 7 | Turn on the water and test the diverter valve. |
Connecting the Water Supply and Drain
Once the diverter valve is installed, you can connect the water supply and drain. Here’s a step-by-step guide:
- Connect the water supply: Attach a flexible water supply line to the inlet port of the diverter valve. Make sure to use a washer on both sides of the connection and tighten it securely.
- Connect the drain: Attach a drain hose to the outlet port of the diverter valve. Make sure the hose is securely connected and that it is directed to the drain.
- Secure the connections: Use a wrench or pliers to tighten all connections to prevent leaks.
- Turn on the water supply: Slowly turn on the water supply and check for any leaks. If you notice any leaks, tighten the connections further.
- Test the diverter valve: Operate the diverter valve to ensure it is working correctly. Check if it diverts water to the desired outlet and if it seals securely when not in use.
Additional Tips for Connecting the Water Supply and Drain
Here are some additional tips for connecting the water supply and drain:
- Use Teflon tape or pipe sealant on the threads of all connections to prevent leaks.
- Support the flexible water supply line to prevent it from kinking or breaking.
- If you are unsure about any step, consult a qualified plumber for assistance.
Troubleshooting Common Problems
1. Leaking Diverter Valve
If the diverter valve is leaking, it could be due to several reasons. Firstly, check if the valve is fully tightened and the seals are properly in place. Overtightening can also damage the seals, so it’s important to tighten the valve only hand-tight.
2. No Water Flow
If there is no water flow, ensure that the water supply is turned on and that there are no blockages in the pipes or showerhead. Additionally, check if the diverter valve is in the correct position to redirect water to the desired outlet.
3. Difficulty Switching Between Outlets
If you encounter difficulty switching between different outlets, check if the diverter valve handle is loose or damaged. The handle should move smoothly and firmly between positions. If it’s loose, tighten it using a wrench. If it’s damaged, it may need to be replaced.
4. Water Pressure Changes
Fluctuating water pressure can indicate a problem with the diverter valve. Check if the valve is partially blocked or if the seals are worn. Cleaning the valve or replacing the seals may resolve the issue.
5. Noise During Operation
Unusual noise during operation can be caused by loose parts or mineral deposits within the diverter valve. Disassemble the valve and check for any loose parts or debris. Clean and lubricate the valve components as needed.
6. Valve Sticks
If the diverter valve becomes stuck in one position, try applying some penetrating oil to the valve stem. Allow the oil to soak for a few minutes before attempting to move the valve again. Excessive force should be avoided to prevent damage.
7. Broken Valve Handle
A broken valve handle is a common issue. If the handle is plastic, it can be replaced easily. However, if the handle is made of metal, it may be more challenging. Consult with a plumber for assistance if necessary.
8. Water Leak from Valve Body
A water leak from the diverter valve body usually indicates a damaged or malfunctioning valve. The leak can be caused by excessive pressure, faulty seals, or a crack in the valve body. It is recommended to replace the valve in this case.
9. Valve Not Reversing Water Flow
If the diverter valve is not reversing the water flow, check if the valve is installed correctly. Ensure that the “in” arrow is aligned with the incoming water supply and the “out” arrows are pointing towards the desired outlets.
10. Other Issues
Other issues that may occur include:
| Issue | Possible Cause |
|---|---|
| Water leaking from the showerhead when the diverter is in the “bath” position | Worn or damaged seals in the diverter valve that allow water to leak into the showerhead |
| Water pressure is weak in one or both outlets | Clogged or dirty diverter valve stem or internal components that restrict water flow |
| Knocking or banging noises when the diverter valve is operated | Loose or damaged parts within the diverter valve that cause vibration and noise during operation |
How To Fit A Diverter Valve
A diverter valve is a plumbing fitting that allows you to control the flow of water between two different outlets. This can be useful in a variety of applications, such as directing water from a shower to a bathtub or from a sink to a dishwasher. Diverter valves are relatively easy to install, and can be done by most do-it-yourselfers with basic plumbing skills.
To fit a diverter valve, you will need the following tools and materials:
- Diverter valve
- Wrench
- Teflon tape
- Pipe cleaner
- Bucket
Once you have gathered your tools and materials, follow these steps to fit the diverter valve:
- Turn off the water supply to the area where you will be installing the diverter valve.
- Open the faucet or showerhead to release any remaining water pressure.
- Remove the old diverter valve, if there is one. To do this, use a wrench to loosen the nuts that hold the valve in place. Once the nuts are loose, you can pull the valve off of the pipe.
- Clean the threads on the pipe where the diverter valve will be installed. You can do this with a pipe cleaner.
- Wrap the threads on the diverter valve with Teflon tape. This will help to create a watertight seal.
- Screw the diverter valve onto the pipe. Tighten the nuts until they are snug, but do not overtighten them.
- Turn on the water supply and check for leaks. If there are any leaks, tighten the nuts further until the leaks stop.
- Operate the diverter valve to make sure that it is working properly.
